Japan reactor restarts; new glitch hits Fukushima

FILE - In this April 10 2011 file photo taken by T-Hawk drone aircraft and released by Tokyo Electric Power Co. (TEPCO), the reactor building of Unit 2, center, of the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant is seen in Okuma town, Fukushima Prefecture, northeastern Japan. Officials at the tsunami-damaged Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant detected a radioactive gas associated with fission Wednesday, Nov. 2, 2011, that could indicate a new problem at one of its reactors. They began injecting boric acid as a precautionary measure. (AP Photo/Tokyo Electric Power Co., File) EDITORIAL USE ONLY

FILE - In this April 10 2011 file photo taken by T-Hawk drone aircraft and released by Tokyo Electric Power Co. (TEPCO), the reactor building of Unit 2, center, of the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant is seen in Okuma town, Fukushima Prefecture, northeastern Japan. Officials at the tsunami-damaged Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant detected a radioactive gas associated with fission Wednesday, Nov. 2, 2011, that could indicate a new problem at one of its reactors. They began injecting boric acid as a precautionary measure. (AP Photo/Tokyo Electric Power Co., File) EDITORIAL USE ONLY

TOKYO (AP) ? Radioactive particles associated with nuclear fission have been detected at Japan's tsunami-damaged atomic power plant, officials said Wednesday, suggesting one of its reactors could have a new problem.

The fresh concerns at the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear facility came as a reactor in southern Japan was restarted and brought back online, marking a first since the March 11 disaster created an outcry over the safety of Japan's nuclear power sites.

Utility officials said gas from inside the Fukushima plant's No. 2 reactor indicated the presence of radioactive xenon, which could be the byproduct of unexpected nuclear fission. Boric acid was injected through a cooling pipe as a precaution because it can counteract nuclear reactions.

Tokyo Electric Power Co., or TEPCO, said there was no rise in the reactor's temperature or pressure. The company said the radioactive materials had not reached the point when nuclear reactions are self-sustaining and the detection of the xenon would have no major impact on workers' efforts to keep the reactor cool and stable.

Because the half-life of the isotopes detected is short, the xenon was likely created recently. But officials said the level was so low that further tests would be required to confirm the measurements were not an error.

"We have confirmed that the reactor is stable and we don't believe this will have any impact on our future work," said TEPCO spokesman Osamu Yokokura. He said no radiation leaks outside the plant were detected.

Hiroyuki Imari, a spokesman with the Nuclear Industrial Safety Agency, said the detection of the gas was not believed to indicate a major problem, but its cause was being investigated.

The plant is the site of the worst nuclear disaster since Chernobyl in 1986. A 12-mile (20-kilometer) exclusion zone has been in effect since the earthquake and tsunami crippled the facility northeast of Tokyo, sending three of its reactors into meltdowns, touching off fires and triggering several explosions.

TEPCO had reported significant progress toward stabilizing the facility, saying that it has essentially reached a "cold shutdown," meaning the temperatures at the reactors are constant and controlled.

Even so, a Japanese government panel says it will take at least 30 years to safely decommission the facility.

The Fukushima disaster has severely impacted Japan's nuclear power supply.

Forty-three of Japan's 54 reactors are now suspended for inspections or mechanical troubles and public opposition to restarting them since the disaster has cast doubts on the nation's overall nuclear future.

Before the tsunami, Japan relied on nuclear power for about one-third of its electricity. If power companies cannot win local approval, which is required to restart reactors shut down for glitches or inspections, all of Japan's plants could be offline by next May.

But, in a first since the disaster, a nuclear reactor in southern Japan has resumed operation after a monthlong shutdown for a technical problem. A reactor in Hokkaido, northern Japan, was brought back online in August, but it had not been completely shut down and was out of commercial service only for a regular inspection.

The Kyushu Electric Power Co. says No. 4 reactor at the Genkai nuclear power plant in southern Japan restarted late Tuesday and was generating electricity Wednesday. It automatically shut down Oct. 4 following an abnormality in a steam condenser, but that didn't cause any radiation leaks or injuries.

The reactor will be closed again in January for routine inspections.

___

Associated Press writer Mari Yamaguchi contributed to this report.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/cae69a7523db45408eeb2b3a98c0c9c5/Article_2011-11-02-AS-Japan-Nuclear-Crisis/id-b92afc195bde47a88a23896fc739c03c

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Video: Toyota Shows Four Healthcare And Nursing Robots

Honda isn't the only Japanese car maker active in robotics (with Asimo etc.), Toyota has been active in this area for quite some time, too. Big T showcased a total of four robots yesterday, all with the healthcare and nursing markets in mind. It's not a surprise Japan's biggest car company is focusing on these areas, as its home country has the oldest society in the world (23% of the population are 65 or older). Here are the robots Toyota showed during their press conference in Tokyo.

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/vEuBdwxIN_s/

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NIH study examines nicotine as a gateway drug

Public release date: 2-Nov-2011
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: NIDA Press Team
media@nida.nih.gov
301-443-6245
NIH/National Institute on Drug Abuse

NIDA-funded research in mice shows that nicotine primes the brain to enhance cocaine's effects

A landmark study in mice identifies a biological mechanism that could help explain how tobacco products could act as gateway drugs, increasing a person's future likelihood of abusing cocaine and perhaps other drugs as well, according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), part of the National Institutes of Health. The study is the first to show that nicotine might prime the brain to enhance the behavioral effects of cocaine.

The gateway drug model is based upon epidemiological evidence that most illicit drug users report use of tobacco products or alcohol prior to illicit drug use. This model has generated significant controversy over the years, mostly relating to whether prior drug exposure (to nicotine, alcohol or marijuana) is causally related to later drug use. Before now, studies have not been able to show a biological mechanism by which nicotine exposure could increase vulnerability to illicit drug use.

In the current study, by researchers at Columbia University, New York City, and published in today's Science Translational Medicine, mice exposed to nicotine in their drinking water for at least seven days showed an increased response to cocaine. This priming effect depended on a previously unrecognized effect of nicotine on gene expression, in which nicotine changes the structure of the tightly packaged DNA molecule, reprograms the expression pattern of specific genes, in particular the FosB gene that has been related to addiction, and ultimately alters the behavioral response to cocaine.

To examine whether the results from this study paralleled findings in humans, the researchers reexamined statistics from the 2003 National Epidemiological Study of Alcohol Related Consequences to explore the relationship between onset of nicotine use and degree of cocaine dependence. They found that the rate of cocaine dependence was higher among cocaine users who smoked prior to starting cocaine compared to those who tried cocaine prior to smoking.

These findings in mice suggest that if nicotine has similar effects in humans, effective smoking prevention efforts would not only prevent the negative health consequences associated with smoking but could also decrease the risk of progression and addiction to cocaine and possibly other illicit drug use. In the meantime, this mouse model provides a new mechanism to study the gateway theory from a biological perspective.

"Now that we have a mouse model of the actions of nicotine as a gateway drug this will allow us to explore the molecular mechanisms by which alcohol and marijuana might act as gateway drugs," said Eric Kandel, M.D., of Columbia University Medical Center and a senior author of the study. "In particular, we would be interested in knowing if there is a single, common mechanism for all gateway drugs or if each drug utilizes a distinct mechanism."

###

For more information on nicotine and cocaine, go to http://www.drugabuse.gov/drugpages/nicotine.html and http://www.drugabuse.gov/drugpages/cocaine.html.

The study, and a perspective by NIDA Director Dr. Nora D. Volkow, can be found online at http://stm.sciencemag.org/.

The National Institute on Drug Abuse is a component of the National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIDA supports most of the world's research on the health aspects of drug abuse and addiction. The Institute carries out a large variety of programs to inform policy and improve practice. Fact sheets on the health effects of drugs of abuse and information on NIDA research and other activities can be found on the NIDA home page at http://www.drugabuse.gov. To order publications in English or Spanish, call NIDA's DrugPubs research dissemination center at 1-877-NIDA-NIH or 240-645-0228 (TDD) or fax or email requests to 240-645-0227 or drugpubs@nida.nih.gov. Online ordering is available at http://drugpubs.drugabuse.gov. NIDA's media guide can be found at http://drugabuse.gov/mediaguide/.

About the National Institutes of Health (NIH): NIH, the nation's medical research agency, includes 27 Institutes and Centers and is a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIH is the primary federal agency conducting and supporting basic, clinical, and translational medical research, and is investigating the causes, treatments, and cures for both common and rare diseases. For more information about NIH and its programs, visit http://www.nih.gov.

---

[ | E-mail | Share ]

?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Public release date: 2-Nov-2011
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: NIDA Press Team
media@nida.nih.gov
301-443-6245
NIH/National Institute on Drug Abuse

NIDA-funded research in mice shows that nicotine primes the brain to enhance cocaine's effects

A landmark study in mice identifies a biological mechanism that could help explain how tobacco products could act as gateway drugs, increasing a person's future likelihood of abusing cocaine and perhaps other drugs as well, according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), part of the National Institutes of Health. The study is the first to show that nicotine might prime the brain to enhance the behavioral effects of cocaine.

The gateway drug model is based upon epidemiological evidence that most illicit drug users report use of tobacco products or alcohol prior to illicit drug use. This model has generated significant controversy over the years, mostly relating to whether prior drug exposure (to nicotine, alcohol or marijuana) is causally related to later drug use. Before now, studies have not been able to show a biological mechanism by which nicotine exposure could increase vulnerability to illicit drug use.

In the current study, by researchers at Columbia University, New York City, and published in today's Science Translational Medicine, mice exposed to nicotine in their drinking water for at least seven days showed an increased response to cocaine. This priming effect depended on a previously unrecognized effect of nicotine on gene expression, in which nicotine changes the structure of the tightly packaged DNA molecule, reprograms the expression pattern of specific genes, in particular the FosB gene that has been related to addiction, and ultimately alters the behavioral response to cocaine.

To examine whether the results from this study paralleled findings in humans, the researchers reexamined statistics from the 2003 National Epidemiological Study of Alcohol Related Consequences to explore the relationship between onset of nicotine use and degree of cocaine dependence. They found that the rate of cocaine dependence was higher among cocaine users who smoked prior to starting cocaine compared to those who tried cocaine prior to smoking.

These findings in mice suggest that if nicotine has similar effects in humans, effective smoking prevention efforts would not only prevent the negative health consequences associated with smoking but could also decrease the risk of progression and addiction to cocaine and possibly other illicit drug use. In the meantime, this mouse model provides a new mechanism to study the gateway theory from a biological perspective.

"Now that we have a mouse model of the actions of nicotine as a gateway drug this will allow us to explore the molecular mechanisms by which alcohol and marijuana might act as gateway drugs," said Eric Kandel, M.D., of Columbia University Medical Center and a senior author of the study. "In particular, we would be interested in knowing if there is a single, common mechanism for all gateway drugs or if each drug utilizes a distinct mechanism."

###

For more information on nicotine and cocaine, go to http://www.drugabuse.gov/drugpages/nicotine.html and http://www.drugabuse.gov/drugpages/cocaine.html.

The study, and a perspective by NIDA Director Dr. Nora D. Volkow, can be found online at http://stm.sciencemag.org/.

The National Institute on Drug Abuse is a component of the National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIDA supports most of the world's research on the health aspects of drug abuse and addiction. The Institute carries out a large variety of programs to inform policy and improve practice. Fact sheets on the health effects of drugs of abuse and information on NIDA research and other activities can be found on the NIDA home page at http://www.drugabuse.gov. To order publications in English or Spanish, call NIDA's DrugPubs research dissemination center at 1-877-NIDA-NIH or 240-645-0228 (TDD) or fax or email requests to 240-645-0227 or drugpubs@nida.nih.gov. Online ordering is available at http://drugpubs.drugabuse.gov. NIDA's media guide can be found at http://drugabuse.gov/mediaguide/.

About the National Institutes of Health (NIH): NIH, the nation's medical research agency, includes 27 Institutes and Centers and is a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIH is the primary federal agency conducting and supporting basic, clinical, and translational medical research, and is investigating the causes, treatments, and cures for both common and rare diseases. For more information about NIH and its programs, visit http://www.nih.gov.

---

[ | E-mail | Share ]

?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-11/niod-nse110211.php

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The Secrets Behind the Most Famous Earth Image of All Time [Space]

This is Blue Marble. It was the most accurate, highest resolution image of Earth ever—until they created the next-gen Blue Marble. It's the most famous, since it's the iPhone's default image. Now its creator has revealed all its secrets. More »

Source: http://feeds.gawker.com/~r/gizmodo/full/~3/3Z9bzvOqvlo/the-secrets-behind-the-most-famous-earth-image-of-all-time

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Strife continues over remains of 9/11 victims

FILE - In this Sept. 10, 2011 file photo, Rosemary Cain, center, of Massapequa, N.Y., who lost her son, FDNY firefighter George Cain, while responding to the 9/11 attacks at ground zero, stands with Sally Regenhard, left, who lost her son, FDNY firefighter Christian Regenhard, and FDNY firefighter John Darcy, right, during a wreath laying ceremony to honor of over 6,000 human remains of their loved ones which are housed in a temporary structure at Memorial Park in New York. The group objects to a plan where the city of New York and the administration of the national Sept. 11 memorial and museum plan to put those remains in a room below ground that would share space with the museum. (AP Photo/Craig Ruttle, File)

FILE - In this Sept. 10, 2011 file photo, Rosemary Cain, center, of Massapequa, N.Y., who lost her son, FDNY firefighter George Cain, while responding to the 9/11 attacks at ground zero, stands with Sally Regenhard, left, who lost her son, FDNY firefighter Christian Regenhard, and FDNY firefighter John Darcy, right, during a wreath laying ceremony to honor of over 6,000 human remains of their loved ones which are housed in a temporary structure at Memorial Park in New York. The group objects to a plan where the city of New York and the administration of the national Sept. 11 memorial and museum plan to put those remains in a room below ground that would share space with the museum. (AP Photo/Craig Ruttle, File)

NEW YORK (AP) ? An emotionally laden debate over the future resting place of thousands of unidentified remains of Sept. 11 victims is lingering as the attacks' 10th anniversary recedes, with several relatives saying they aren't satisfied with a recent city effort to spread the word about a plan to house the remains in the forthcoming 9/11 museum.

Under pressure from families who oppose the plan, the city outlined it in a letter sent last week to relatives of all the nearly 2,800 people killed at the World Trade Center. The letter came after 17 relatives sued the city to try to get addresses so they could poll the families themselves.

A judge rejected their request last week, but the city ? which has maintained that the plans have long been known and families approved them ? sent out the letters in hopes of resolving the matter.

"We know how profoundly significant and sensitive this matter is to victims' families," notes the letter from Dr. Charles Hirsch, the city's chief medical examiner, and Joe Daniels, the president of the National Sept. 11 Memorial & Museum, which counts some victims' relatives as board members.

At the other sites where hijacked planes crashed on Sept. 11, 2001, the placement of unidentified remains has been resolved. Those from the Pentagon, where American Airlines Flight 77 crashed, were buried at Arlington National Cemetery on the first anniversary of the attacks. Three caskets of unidentified remains from the crash of United Airlines Flight 93 in a field in Shanksville, Pa., were buried there this September.

To the trade center victims' relatives who sued, the letter doesn't settle their dispute, which reflects years of strife over the search for and handling of victims' remains.

Remains have never been identified for more than 1,100 people killed at the site. With the subterranean museum still under construction, about 9,000 pieces of unidentified remains are now in a weatherproof tent along the East River in Manhattan, near the medical examiners' office.

The current plan calls for moving them in 2013 to a private repository in the museum, according to the letter. The repository would be off limits to the public, behind a wall inscribed with a quote from the Roman poet Virgil: "No day shall erase you from the memory of time."

There would be a private viewing area for families, who wouldn't be charged the museum's potential $20 admission fee and would be allowed to visit after hours, the letter notes.

Regardless, the objecting families feel a museum is no place for their loved ones' remains. They bristle at the prospect of passing a gift shop and tourists on their way to pay respects 70 feet underground. They want the remains to be put in a separate space on the memorial plaza that opened this Sept. 11, seeing that as a more respectful treatment.

"I think that would bring some more reverence to it," says Jim Riches, a retired firefighter who lost his firefighter son Jimmy in the attack.

Riches and others who sued want to survey the full roster of trade center victims' families to gauge opinion ? something the city's letter doesn't invite.

"The fact that a letter went out is positive, but it's not adequate because it ignores the most important part, from the (families') perspective, which is the input," said their lawyer, Norman Siegel. His clients are considering appealing the court's denial of their bid for access to the city's full list of 9/11 families' names and addresses, he said.

Manhattan state Supreme Court Justice Cynthia Kern said in an Oct. 25 ruling that turning over the list would invade the other families' privacy and that the city's letter "clearly and explicitly informs" them.

The families had said any privacy concerns could be allayed by giving the list only to a retired judge who could send out a survey to the 2,752 trade center victims' next of kin. But the city argued that state public-records law would require releasing the list publicly if it were released at all, and that would subject families to unwelcome solicitations.

City lawyer Thaddeus Hackworth said officials were glad the court agreed that releasing the list would compromise the families' privacy.

"The mailing sent by the 9/11 Memorial and the Office of Chief Medical Examiner added to the abundance of information that families already had received regarding the plans," he added in a statement Tuesday.

Memorial officials had no immediate reaction.

Identifying, finding and determining a resting place for remains has been a fraught issue for some victims' families since the 2001 attacks.

After Hirsch stopped trying to make identifications in 2005, saying the effort had reached the limits of DNA technology, the discovery of human remains on a bank tower roof and in a manhole near ground zero a year later outraged families who said the search for their loved ones had been rushed initially. The findings prompted a renewed search that cost the city tens of millions of dollars and uncovered 1,500 pieces of remains.

Meanwhile, some victims' relatives sued the city over its decision to move 1.6 million tons of materials from the trade center site to a landfill, saying the material might contain victims' ashes and should have been given a proper burial. The city said it had searched the material diligently for remains, which the families' disputed. Federal judges sided with the city, and the case came to an end when the U.S. Supreme Court declined to hear it last year.

___

Follow Jennifer Peltz at http://twitter.com/jennpeltz.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/3d281c11a96b4ad082fe88aa0db04305/Article_2011-11-02-Sept%2011-Remains/id-e65b3eb1c4c64af3baafccb280532ba1

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Turkey to host meeting on Afghan security, economy (AP)

ISTANBUL ? Diplomats are campaigning this week for a stable Afghanistan after the planned withdrawal of international combat forces by the end of 2014, a goal imperiled by militant attacks, a weak Afghan government and the conflicting interests of regional players.

International delegates were converging on Istanbul on Tuesday before the conference on security and economic development in Afghanistan against a backdrop of high-profile assaults in the Kabul area in the last few months.

Afghan President Hamid Karzai and President Asif Ali Zardari of Pakistan met ahead of the regional conference on Wednesday amid tension over Afghan and U.S. demands that Pakistan do more to curb militant activity and sanctuaries on its territory. Pakistan denies it shelters or supports the Haqqani network, a Taliban wing blamed for an attack on the U.S. Embassy in Kabul in September and other deadly operations.

The title of the meeting Wednesday is "Security and Cooperation in the Heart of Asia," yet diplomats in Afghanistan, regional countries and the West have downplayed expectations.

Fourteen regional countries are to be represented: Afghanistan, China, India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenisan, Uzbekistan and the United Arab Emirates.

Germany, France and other Western countries with troops deployed in Afghanistan were sending envoys to show support at Wednesday's conference. U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton had planned to attend, but canceled her trip because her mother is ill.

Iran, at odds with the international community over its nuclear program, is sending its deputy foreign minister, Mohammad Ali Fathollahi.

"The Istanbul conference is an opportunity for us in Afghanistan and the region to give real meaning to a slogan that has been repeated around for many, many years ? that Afghanistan's peace and prosperity are connected to the peace and prosperity of the region," Afghan deputy foreign minister, Jawed Ludin, said this month.

Turkey's NTV television said Afghanistan and Pakistan are expected to sign cooperation agreements, including conducting joint military drills.

But Afghanistan's broader aims were not likely to be achieved in Turkey.

The war-weary nation wants countries to sign confidence-building measures, such as exchanging information on defense spending and numbers of troops deployed on borders; visiting military bases; pledging not to violate territorial integrity or interfere in the internal affairs of sovereign states; relaxing visa requirements; expanding trade; and cooperating on border management.

A senior U.S. administration official said the regional countries were expected to reiterate a commitment to sovereignty, endorse a transition to Afghan security leadership, endorse Afghan efforts for a political solution to the war and help Afghanistan develop a sustainable economy.

The official briefed reporters on condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of the discussions.

Clinton was in Pakistan earlier this month to press the nation to send its army after militants the U.S. says get special protection from the Pakistani government, while making the case that Pakistan should use its influence with Taliban militants to encourage peace in Afghanistan.

Pakistan has deployed 170,000 soldiers to its eastern border with Afghanistan and more than 3,000 soldiers have died in battles with militants. Pakistani leaders bristle at U.S. criticism that they have not done enough or that they play a double game, fighting militants in some areas and supporting them in others where they might be useful proxies in a future conflict with India, its archenemy.

___

Deb Riechmann reported from Kabul, Afghanistan.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/europe/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20111101/ap_on_re_eu/eu_turkey_afghanistan

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WPP sees China as second-largest market in 2-4 years (Reuters)

SHANGHAI (Reuters) ? WPP Llc (WPP.L), the world's largest advertising company, sees China overtaking Britain as its second biggest market in two to four years, its chief executive said on Sunday.

The company, which last week cut its 2011 outlook due to slowing growth in the United States and the euro zone debt crisis, has been making a string of small acquisitions and investments in China.

"I would say China should surpass the UK in about two to three, four years," Martin Sorrell said in an interview with Reuters.

WPP's revenue in China is about $1.1 billion, placing it as WPP's fourth largest market by revenue currently, Sorrell said.

The country is expected to surpass Germany, which is in third place at $1.3 billion in revenue, in 2012. WPP's largest market is the United States at $5 billion, followed by Britain at $2 billion.

"There are acquisitions here, there are some good companies here, but they are small-scale. And therefore the big growth opportunities for us are not so much acquisitions but organic growth," Sorrell said.

Sorrell, who founded WPP in 1985 and grew it into an advertising juggernaut to include ad agencies JWT and Ogilvy & Mather, said preliminary forecasts for the full-year indicated like-for-like revenue growth of 5 percent, compared with a previous forecast of 5.9 percent.

As an indication of the country's importance to the company, Sorrell is in Shanghai to co-launch the WPP School of Marketing and Communications on Monday.

The school will be part of the Shanghai Art & Design Academy and will seek to train students in marketing and communications in a three-year program.

Sorrell sees the venture not only as a good recruitment arena, but an opportunity to instill in potential employees an early sense of loyalty in an industry plagued by high turnover.

"One of the ways of trying to improve a firm-wide loyalty is through this thing, both for your existing people because it is another area that they can make a contribution to. But also the people you will be recruiting because you establish early relationships," Sorrell said, adding that finding talent in China was an issue.

(Editing by Ron Popeski)

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/business/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20111030/bs_nm/us_wpp

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