KAPOLEI, Hawaii ? Opening markets to freer trade is crucial to a lasting global economic recovery, Asia-Pacific leaders agreed Sunday as they wrapped up a summit that produced tangible progress toward a U.S.-backed regional trade bloc.
The plan to forge a Pacific free trade area got a big boost when leaders of Canada and Mexico joined Japan in expressing support for a deal that has received a cool reception from rising power China.
The news was a coup for President Barack Obama, who made progress on the pact one of his top priorities for the annual Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit, held in his home state of Hawaii. It comes after Japan, the world's No. 3 economy, said Friday it wants to join the nine nations already involved in talks on what has been dubbed the Trans-Pacific Partnership.
In their summit declaration, leaders of the 21-member APEC said the region is now the vanguard for global growth thanks to previous progress in forging closer economic ties and free trade.
The meeting at a time of uncertainty for the world economy has strengthened the group's commitment to cooperation, the statement said. Leaders also agreed on measures to promote green-based economic growth to ensure energy security.
"We continued our efforts to try to get the global economy to grow faster, the strong and balanced growth that we need," Obama said in a closing speech.
The balmy weather for the annual APEC gathering at a resort on the west side of the Hawaiian island of Oahu contrasted with deepening pessimism over the economic outlook as the leaders finished a day of talks on how to spur growth and create jobs. With Europe again on the brink of recession, Asia's vital role as a driver of global growth has gained even greater urgency.
IMF Director Christine Lagarde attended the summit, briefing the APEC leaders on the latest developments in Europe. The International Monetary Fund will play a key role in coming months in overseeing efforts by Italy, and other ailing economies that use the euro common currency, to rein in debt.
Europe's quandary was among the wide range of issues that the leaders tackled in their one-day meeting.
Some might wonder why Pacific Rim leaders would be discussing troubles on the other side of the globe, Obama said, answering that "If Europe has a major recession, that will have a direct impact on our growth and ability to create jobs."
The U.S. Trade Representative, Ron Kirk, welcomed the overtures from Canada and Mexico about joining the so called TPP, issuing a statement calling them America's "neighbors and largest export markets."
But China, which some economists say is on course to overtake the U.S. as the world's biggest economy this decade, has appeared reluctant to endorse the Pacific trade pact, likely wary of being drawn into what has become a U.S.-led initiative that encroaches on its own sphere of influence in Asia. China also has commitments to rival free trade blocs in East and Southeast Asia.
The TPP group now includes only four smaller, relatively affluent economies ? Chile, New Zealand, Brunei and Singapore ? but the U.S., Australia, Malaysia, Vietnam and Peru are negotiating to join.
U.S. officials have said all are welcome to come on board, while indicating that the agreement's high standards would pose a challenge to countries whose economies are not fully open. That would likely include Russia, which is close to gaining long-sought membership of the World Trade Organization, and China, which has staked out large sections of its economy for protection from foreign competition.
Obama has said he is optimistic that work on the American-backed trade pact could result in a legal framework by next year.
For the U.S., the initiative is seen as a way to break through bottlenecks and open new business opportunities. Many in APEC see the emerging deal as a building block for a free trade area that eventually encompasses all of Asia and the Pacific ? covering half the world's commerce and two-fifths of its trade.
"The Asia Pacific region is absolutely critical to America's economic growth. We consider it a top priority. And we consider it a top priority because we're not going to be able to put our folks back to work and grow our economy and expand opportunity unless the Asia Pacific region is also successful," Obama told fellow leaders earlier Sunday.
Thomas Donohue, president of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, an influential business lobbying group, praised the Pacific trade initiative.
"An important step to unlocking global economic growth will be expanding trade in the Asia-Pacific, and the TPP holds this key," Donohue said. He urged the group to move quickly in drawing up a timeline that is "comprehensive, enforceable, and makes room for new entrants."
One of the highlights of the closed-door APEC talks is usually a "family photo," a ritual that has sometimes involved decking the often staid leaders in colorful shirts or other local fashions.
Despite speculation the leaders might don tropical themed "Aloha" shirts or perhaps leis this time, they posed in their usual business attire ? a reflection, perhaps, of the seriousness of their agenda.
"We're here for business. We're here to create jobs. We're here to promote exports, and we've got a tangible set of steps that have been taken," Obama said. "That's what responsible leadership is all about."
APEC joins economies, both huge and tiny, rich and poor. As always, the divergence between rich and developing economies ? and between the U.S. and China ? was apparent.
In Hawaii, Obama was also pushing hard on trade issues with China.
Before a meeting with Chinese President Hu Jintao on Saturday, Obama exhorted Beijing to "play by the rules," citing controls that keep China's currency undervalued as one example. He also cited lax enforcement of protection of intellectual property rights, favoritism toward state-run enterprises and other issues that have long dogged trade relations between the world's two leading economies.
Speaking Saturday ahead of the meeting with Obama, Hu reiterated the Chinese government's insistence that APEC respect the choices made by its members "to independently pursue green growth on the basis of their resource endowment, stage of development and capacity."
APEC's lack of negotiating power ? all decisions are by consensus ? means prospects for major, immediate changes are slim, though over time its incremental efforts have helped build support for closer economic ties and freer trade.
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Associated Press writers Ben Feller, Erica Werner and Jaymes Song contributed to this report.
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